HomeMy WebLinkAboutCRC_2022_0425_Notice_Agenda_Packet.pdfLORI KOGA, CHAIR JAN TENBRUGGENCATE, VICE CHAIR BRONSON BAUTISTA, COMMISSIONER REID KAWANE, COMMISSIONER
MARISSA SANDBLOM, COMMISSIONER COTY TRUGILLO, COMMISSIONER
CHARTER REVIEW COMMISSION
Meetings of the Charter Review Commission will be conducted as follows until further notice:
•Meetings will be publicly noticed pursuant to HRS Chapter 92.
•Minutes of meetings will be completed pursuant to HRS Chapter 92 and posted to the
Commission’s website upon completion and approval.
Public Comments and Testimony:
•Written testimony will be accepted for any agenda item herein.
o Written testimony indicating your 1) name, and if applicable, you position/title and
organization you are representing, 2) the agenda item that you are providing comment
on, and 3) contact information (telephone number and email address), may be
submitted to asegreti@kauai.gov or mailed to the Charter Review Commission, c/o
Office of Boards and Commission, 4444 Rice Street, Suite 300, Lihue, Hawaii 96766.
o Written testimony received by the Charter Review Commission at least 24 hours prior to
the meeting will be distributed to all Charter Review Commissioners prior to the
meeting.
o Any testimony received after this time and up to the start of the meeting will be
summarized by the Clerk of the Commission during the meeting and added to the
record thereafter.
o Any late testimony received will be distributed to the to the members after the meeting
is concluded.
•Oral testimony will be taken during the public testimony portion of the meeting.
o It is recommended that anyone interested in providing oral testimony register at least 24
hours prior to the meeting by emailing asegreti@kauai.gov or calling (808) 241-4917. Any
request to register shall include your 1) name, and if applicable, your position/title and
organization you are representing, and 2) the agenda item that you are providing
comment on, and 3) contact information (telephone number and email address).
o Per the Charter Review Commission’s and Chairs practice, there is three-minute time limit
per testifier per agenda item.
o Individuals who have not registered to provide testimony will be given an opportunity to
speak on an agenda item following the registered speakers.
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LORI KOGA, CHAIR JAN TENBRUGGENCATE, VICE CHAIR
CHARTER REVIEW COMMISSION
BRONSON BAUTISTA, COMMISSIONER REID KAWANE, COMMISSIONER MARISSA SANDBLOM, COMMISSIONER
COTY TRUGILLO, COMMISSIONER
REGULAR MONTHLY MEETING NOTICE AND AGENDA
Monday, April 25, 2022
3:00 p.m. or shortly thereafter
Boards & Commissions Office Conference Room
Pi`ikoi Building, Suite 300
4444 Rice Street, Līhu`e, HI 96766
A. CALL TO ORDER
B. ROLL CALL
C. APPROVAL OF AGENDA
D. MINUTES of the meeting of the Open Session
1. March 28, 2022
E. PUBLIC TESTIMONY
F. COMMUNICATION
None
G. BUSINESS
CRC 2022-08 Discussion and possible action on the report of the Permitted
Interaction Group (PIG). The purpose of the Permitted Interaction
Group (PIG) is to provide a written recommendation on how and
whether to create districting for our County Council.
CRC 2020-17 Discussion and possible action on proposing a Charter
amendment relating to Council Districting.
CRC 2022-09 Discussion and possible action on a proposal proposed ballot
question, purpose, and background on Charter amendment to
amend Article XXIX of the Charter allowing the Salary Commission
authority to establish the maximum salaries of all elected and
appointed officials.
PAGE 2
CHARTER REVIEW COMMISSION – April 25, 2022
CRC 2022-05 Discussion and possible action on proposed ballot question,
purpose, and background on Charter amendment to remove
Article XXX relating to the Electric Power Authority.
H. ANNOUNCEMENTS
Next Meeting: May 23, 2022
I. ADJOURNMENT
NOTICE OF EXECUTIVE SESSION
Pursuant to Hawaii Revised Statutes §92-7(a), the Board may, when deemed necessary, hold an
executive session on any agenda item without written public notice if the executive session was
not anticipated in advance. Any such executive session shall be held pursuant to HRS §92-4 and
shall be limited to those items described in HRS §92-5(a). Discussions held in Executive Session
are closed to the public.
cc: Hugo Cabrera, Deputy County Attorney
COUNTY OF KAUAI
Minutes of Meeting
OPEN MEETING SESSION
.
Board/Commission: CHARTER REVIEW COMMISSION Meeting Date MARCH 28, 2022
Location Boards & Commissions Conference Room, Lihue Civic Center Start of Meeting: 3:17 p.m. End of Meeting: 4:38 p.m.
Present Chair Lori Koga, Vice Chair Jan TenBruggencate. Commissioners: Virginia Kapali, Marissa Sandblom, Coty Trugillo. Also: Hugo Cabrera,
Deputy County Attorney. Boards & Commissions Office Staff: Administrator Ellen Ching, Administrative Specialist Anela Segreti.
Excused Bronson Bautista, Reid Kawane
Absent
SUBJECT DISCUSSION ACTION
Commissioner Coty Trugillo was sworn into office prior to the meeting.
A. Call To Order Chair Koga welcomed new Commissioner Trugillo and said good-bye to
Commissioner Kapali, thanking her for being a mentor to her.
Chair Lori Koga, called the meeting to order
at 3:17 p.m.
B. Roll Call Roll Call:
Commissioner Bautista-excused
Commissioner Kapali- present
Chair Kawane - excused
Commissioner Sandblom- present
Commissioner Trugillo-present
Vice Chair TenBruggencate-present
Chair Koga- present
Quorum: 5 commissioners present
C. Approval of
Agenda
Vice Chair TenBruggencate moved to
approve the agenda. Commissioner
Sandblom seconded.
Voice Vote:
5 Ayes, 0 Nays
Motion carried 5:0
D. Minutes Open Session Minutes of February 28, 2022
Vice Chair TenBruggencate moved to
Charter Review Commission
Open Session
March 28, 2022 Page 2
SUBJECT DISCUSSION ACTION
Chair Koga corrected errors in roll call for Vice Chair TenBruggencate,
Chair Koga and Commissioner Kawane.
approve the minutes of February 28, 2022,
as edited. Commissioner Sandblom
seconded.
Voice Vote:
5 Ayes, 0 Nays
Motion carried 5:0
E. Public Testimony None
F. Communication BOE 2022-07 Memorandum from the Chair and Members of the Salary
Commission dated January 31, 2022, regarding a proposal to amend Article
XXIX of the Charter allowing the Salary Commission authority to establish
the maximum salaries of all elected and appointed officials.
Chair Koga clarified that Chair of Salary Commission is Patrick Ono.
Vice Chair TenBruggencate moved to
receive communication BOE 2022-07.
Commissioner Sandblom seconded.
Voice Vote:
5 Ayes, 0 Nays
Motion carried 5:0
G. Business CRC 2022-08 Discussion and possible action on the report of the Permitted
Interaction Group (PIG). The purpose of the Permitted Interaction Group
(PIG) is to provide a written recommendation on how and whether to create
districting for our County Council.
Chair Koga explained that per Sunshine Law today will be a presentation by
the PIG and no discussion. At the next meeting they will be able to ask
questions and have discussion.
Commissioner Sandblom presented an overview of the PIG report and shared a
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SUBJECT DISCUSSION ACTION
few highlights. She stated that the PIG met four times and spent intensive
amounts of time review in historical proposals, recent articles on districting
and came up with nine (9) recommendations that can be found on page 14 of
the document (on file). She entertained questions for clarity only.
Chair Koga stated that the committee did an awesome job.
Commissioner Sandblom commended Administrator Ching for her assistance
in gathering information for review to get a better foundation on how to
approach this proposal this time around.
Commissioner Kapali clarified that this presentation is just to submit the report
and that the public also has access to it as part of the agenda.
Vice Chair TenBruggencate stated that the PIG reviewed the many proposals
and issues around them and asked the ultimate recommendation to characterize
a further look at this.
Commissioner Sandblom stated that they did not want any proposal that is put
out to have any unintended consequences, i.e., the recent special election that
was not an intended outcome of the Charter amendment. She went on that the
first recommendation of hiring a consultant came about as the PIG could not
come to an agreement on what would be most beneficial for Kauai stating that
in the report, for example, there are questions that they assumed wrongfully
that based on public testimony that it might be cheaper to run an election if had
districting, it might be more representative of the island geography and some
of these have been proven false by the data.
Commissioner Trugillo asked why the question of districting has come up and
Commissioner Sandblom explained that public interest had sparked the need to
look at districting proposals.
Charter Review Commission
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SUBJECT DISCUSSION ACTION
Administrator Ching added that about two years ago she was approached by a
member of the public to get a districting proposal on the ballot, she explained
it was late in the process but asked the Chair and it was placed on the agenda,
but the Commission at that time stated that they committed to get in back on
the agenda the next time.
Vice Chair TenBruggencate stated that different proposals have been on the
ballot before and never passed and therefore it is back again. The Commission
have looked at proposals several years and they could not agree on a proposal
to take to the ballot. He went on to explain why the PIG was formed.
Commissioner Kapali stated that in understanding the depth of all of this there
needs to be more discussion on a proposed amendment to the ballot and
thanked all that worked on it.
Vice Chair TenBruggencate moved to defer
CRC 2022-08 to the next meeting for
discussion. Commissioner Sandblom
seconded.
Voice Vote:
5 Ayes, 0 Nays
Motion carried 5:0
CRC 2020-17 Discussion and possible action on proposing a Charter
amendment relating to Council Districting.
Chair Koga asked if there were any members of the public that wanted to
speak on this item.
Mr. Burt Lyon, testifier, stated that he was impressed on the report of the PIG
and thanked them for their work. He agreed that it is a difficult to make a
decision right now, and to do it properly they should explore everything. He
commented on the recommendations, i.e., Recommendation #1, he feels that a
consultant is an excellent idea, and that Colin Moore from the UH (University
of Hawaii) Public Policy department gave a presentation to Maui Charter
Review Commission, and he thought that may be someone they’d want to
consider. He added that if they choose the consultant that the consultant
Charter Review Commission
Open Session
March 28, 2022 Page 5
SUBJECT DISCUSSION ACTION
should determine the sample size and confidence interval. On
Recommendation #3, on the pros and cons and equal worth of each persons
vote, he feels is subjective. Regarding the concern of having a reapportion
commission to ensure that there will not be a canoe district, he does not see
how there could be one for Kauai, that it would be impossible, aside from
Niihau that would not be possible. Recommendation #6 about starting with the
2016 ballot question which lost by 161 votes, the assumption that since it lost
by such a small amount that it was a popular option. He believes that the
Commission should look at the 2016 survey and look at two most popular
make-ups which were five (5) district, two (2) at large and seven (7) district,
zero (0) at large, which were 24% and 23% respectively. He went on to state
that starting with the three (3) districts with the House of Representatives, he
does not see a danger of a canoe district but that there would be a danger of the
State having a canoe district and one of the districts would be short a certain
number of votes whatever they would have on another island. He believes that
sticking with number of State districts goes against the purpose of having
districts which is smaller districts and have more concise representation.
Vice Chair TenBruggencate moved to defer
CRC 2020-17 to next meeting.
Commissioner Sandblom seconded.
Voice Vote:
5 Ayes, 0 Nays
Motion carried 5:0
CRC 2022-09 Discussion and possible action on a proposal to amend Article
XXIX of the Charter allowing the Salary Commission authority to establish the
maximum salaries of all elected and appointed officials.
Vice Chair TenBruggencate stated that he is generally in support of the Salary
Commission’s recommendations on this.
Administration Ching stated that the proposal is based on the ballot question
that was on the 2018 ballot, exactly. She explained that the Salary
Commission has difficulty every other year with the economic condition and
that it does not make sense for them to put forward a salary resolution in an
election year. They continue to struggle with salary conversions, union raises
which department heads do not receive, vacancies and difficulty in hiring local.
She pointed out that Kauai is the only County that the Salary Commission is
Charter Review Commission
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March 28, 2022 Page 6
SUBJECT DISCUSSION ACTION
not authorized to set the salaries. This is a way to address some of the issues.
Commissioner Kapali added that when the Salary Commission gets together a
salary resolution it must be approved by the County Council and when it
reaches the Council agenda, it can be changed. She also explained that they
Salary Commission does do a lot of research in determining salaries.
Administrator Ching added that the Director of Finance and Human Resources
are consulted, and reports are reviewed.
Vice Chair TenBruggencate stated that unlike the other Kauai Commissions
which are given a lot more power than other Counties give to citizen
commissions except for Salary Commission, and he feels that giving them the
authority fits within how we put our county government together.
Administrator Ching and the Commissioners discussed the issues of Council
voting to approve the salary resolution and how that can be an issue for the
council members as it is perceived as them giving themselves a raise when in
fact it is for the next elected council. As well as people not seeing that it is a
maximum amount and that there is flexibility to offer less.
Discussion of the ballot question being simple and legal.
Chair Sandblom recommended that the question not have two parts as in the
current question.
Administrator Ching asked that the commissioners allow her and the Deputy
County Attorney Cabrera work on the ballot question, purpose and background
and get back to the commission.
Vice Chair TenBruggencate moved to
approve CRC 2022-09 the Salary
Commissions proposed Charter language
and to hear from administrator for
discussion. Commissioner Kapali seconded.
Vice Chair TenBruggencate withdrew his
motion.
Vice Chair TenBruggencate moved to
approve the recommendation of the salary
commission with the deletion of references
to ex-officio members and ask staff to
review the proposal and bring back to
Commission at the next meeting to review.
Commissioner Kapali seconded.
Voice Vote:
5 Ayes, 0 Nays
Charter Review Commission
Open Session
March 28, 2022 Page 7
SUBJECT DISCUSSION ACTION
Motion carried 5:0
CRC 2022-05 Discussion and possible action on proposed ballot question,
purpose, and background on Charter amendment to remove Article XXX
relating to the Electric Power Authority.
Vice Chair TenBruggencate recused himself at 4:16pm
Administrator Ching shared that she and Deputy County Attorney worked
on the ballot question, purpose, and background (on file) for the
Commission to review.
Commissioner Kapali clarified that this was looked at before but did not
make the ballot in 2020.
Administrator Ching clarified that it was on the ballot in 2018 and voted
down, but that it is a housekeeping item, and she has asked the Commission
to look at it again for the 2022 ballot and worked on the question to simplify
it.
The Commissioners and Administrator discussed the ballot question.
Commissioner Kapali suggested, “Shall the Charter to remove Article XXX
which gives the County Council…”
Commissioner Sandblom suggested that the purpose of the amendment is to
remove provisions in the Charter that will allow rather than will allow.
Administrator Ching clarified that there will be a final vote on what will go
on the ballot.
Vice Chair TenBruggencate recused himself
from this item, he is a member of the KIUC
board.
Commissioner Kapali moved to put the
Charter amendment for removing Article
XXX on the next ballot pursuant to
tweaking language and getting purpose, and
background with the County Attorneys and
Administrator and made clearer and it be
brought to the next meeting for final
consideration. Commissioner Sandblom
seconded.
Voice Vote:
4 Ayes, 0 Nays
Charter Review Commission
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March 28, 2022 Page 8
SUBJECT DISCUSSION ACTION
Motion carried 4:0:1 recused
CRC 2021-08 Discussion and possible action on proposed ballot question,
purpose, and background to amend Charter Section 9A.05. Vacancy in Office
related to the Office of the Prosecuting Attorney.
Vice Chair TenBruggencate returned to the meeting at 4:26pm
Administrator Ching welcomed input on proposed language presented to
Commissioners (on file).
Commissioner Sandblom clarified that this amendment is to clarify that if
there is a vacancy the first deputy will assume the position to the next
election.
Vice Chair TenBruggencate clarified that the 1st Deputy will serve until the
next regular election cycle. He said that the last amendment was to fix the
six-month gap with no guidance whatsoever, but then that created a new
problem of a special election.
Administrator Ching clarified that it is a 4-year term, and it could be less
than 2 years.
Vice Chair TenBruggencate moved to make
this proposed Charter amendment part of
the 2022 general election to be reviewed at
the final review. Commissioner Sandblom
seconded.
Voice Vote:
5 Ayes, 0 Nays
Motion carried 5:0
CRC 2021-04 Discussion and possible action on Charter Initiatives of interest.
Vice Chair TenBruggencate moved to
receive item CRC 2021-04 and remove it
from the agenda. Commissioner Kapali
seconded.
Voice Vote:
5 Ayes, 0 Nays
Charter Review Commission
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March 28, 2022 Page 9
SUBJECT DISCUSSION ACTION
Motion carried 5:0
H. Announcements Next Meeting: April 25, 2022
Administrator Ching announced that this is Commissioner Kapali’s last
meeting and thanked her for her service, and stated that she added so much to
the commission.
Commissioner Kapali thanked everyone for their work.
I. Adjournment Hearing no objections Chair Koga
adjourned the meeting at 4:38pm
Submitted by: __________________________________ Reviewed and Approved by: _________________________________________
Anela Segreti, Administrative Specialist Lori Koga, Chair
( ) Approved as circulated.
( ) Approved with amendments. See minutes of
LORI KOGA, CHAIR JAN TENBRUGGENCATE, VICE CHAIR
CHARTER REVIEW COMMISSION
BRONSON BAUTISTA, COMMISSIONER VIRGINIA KAPALI, COMMISSIONER REID KAWANE, COMMISSIONER MARISSA SANDBLOM, COMMISSIONER
MEMORANDUM
March 9, 2022
TO: Lori Koga, Chair and
Members of the Charter Review Commission
FROM: Bronson Bautista, Reid Kawane, and Marissa Sandblom
Members of the Charter Review Committee Permitted Interaction Group
RE: Charter Amendment on Districting Report
Task
On January 10, 2022, the Charter Review Commission formed a Permitted Interaction Group
(PIG) with the scope of creating a written report with recommendations on if it is in the best
interest of the citizens of Kauai whether to create districting for County Council seats and how
to do so if decided that it is beneficial.
The PIG was further authorized:
1.To access all previous communications of districting proposals to the Commission,
2.Review additional recommendations, and
3.Conduct any other kinds of research required, including interacting with subject matter
experts and members of the Kauai public.
Background
Definition of district: A territorial division (as for administrative or electoral purposes).1
Proposed Charter amendments on districting were on the ballot in 1982, 1990, 1996, and 2006.
In 2006, the ballot question proposed three councilmembers be elected by districts, four
councilmembers elected at large and established a reapportionment commission every ten
years. The question was defeated, 45.1 % or 9,557 voted against and 44.3% or 9,396 voted yes.
See Attachment #1, History on Ballot Questions on Districting
1 Merriam-Webster. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/district
CRC 2022-08
Page 2 of 15
Given the narrow defeat of this ballot question (161 voters), this configuration of districting
would appear to have the best chance of passing.
See Attachment #2, County of Kauai Charter Amendment Ballot Questions: 2006 General Election, Proposal No. 3:
Relating to Council Districting
Since 2020, the item of a Charter Amendment on Districting has been on every Charter Review
Commission agenda as follows:
June 22, 2020 September 28, 2020 November 22, 2021
June 29, 2020 August 23, 2021 December 20, 2021
July 27, 2020 September 27, 2021 January 10, 2022
August 7, 2020 October 25, 2021 January 24, 2022
In 2020-2022, the Charter Review Commission has reviewed the following documents:
1. History of Ballot Questions on Districting
2. Various Charter Amendment Proposals on Districting
3. Table of Comparison of Charter Amendments regarding Districting Proposals
4. Kauai County Charter Review Commission, Special Committee on County Districting –
Report to the Commission, January 25, 2016
See Attachment #3, Kauai County Charter Review Commission, Special Committee on County Districting
CRC-2015-13, CRC 2020-17
5. Kauai County Charter Review Commission, Subcommittee Report CRC-2013-07
(Proposed Amendment for Council Partial-Districting)
See Attachment #4, Kauai County Charter Review Commission, Subcommittee Report CRC-2013-07
(Proposed Amendment for Council Partial-Districting)
Since 2020, the Charter Review Commission has received several proposals.
See Attachment #5, Table of Districting Proposals
In summary the proposals are as follows:
# Districting Proposals
1 9 Councilmembers, 3 per district (14, 15, 16*)
2 9 Councilmembers, 2 per district (14, 15, 16*), 3 at large
3 7 Councilmembers, 1 per district (7 districts), Reapportionment Commission
4 7 Councilmembers, 1 per district (14, 15, 16*, 2 yr. term, part-time), 4 at large (4 yr. term, full-time)
5 7 Councilmembers, 2 per district (14, 15, 16*), 1 at large
*State House Districts
Page 3 of 15
The PIG reviewed the following to obtain additional information on districting and its related
benefits and issues.
Districting in Neighboring Counties
A review of districting in the neighboring counties as follows:
County Districting
Honolulu 9 Councilmembers, 9 districts, 1 member per district, Reapportionment Commission
Maui 9 Councilmembers, 9 districts, members are elected-at large*
Hawaii 9 Councilmembers, 9 districts, 1 member per district, Redistricting Commission
Kauai No districts, 7 Councilmembers elected at large
*Maui Charter Commission will be placing on the ballot a Charter amendment to have 3
districts, voters from each district would elect 3 councilmembers and create a
Reapportionment Commission.2
See Attachment #6, Honolulu City & County Charter excerpt related to Districts, Reapportionment Commission
Rules, and 2021 Reapportionment Commission Report
See Attachment #7, Maui County Charter excerpt related to Districts
See Attachment #8, Hawai’i County Charter and Ordinance excerpts related to Districts, 2021 Redistricting
Commission Rules, and 2021 Redistricting Commission Report
Reapportionment or Redistricting
After a review of districting in the neighboring counties, it was noted that some counties had a
Reapportionment Commission or a Redistricting Commission in conjunction with districting.
Some of the proposals received by the Commission had a Reapportionment Commission and
some did not. The PIG reviewed State and County reports on this issue.
For the purposes of this report, the terms of reapportionment or redistricting can be used
interchangeably.
2 Maui Now. “Redistricting Proposal Approved by Maui Charter Commission”
https://mauinow.com/2021/09/04/redistricting-proposal-approved-by-maui-charter-commission/ September 4,
2021
Page 4 of 15
The definition of redistricting is to divide anew into districts specifically: to revise the legislative
districts of 3
The definition of reapportionment is an act or result of reapportioning something: the process
or result of making a new proportionate division or distribution of something, especially, US
law: the reassignment of representative proportionally among the states in accordance with
changes in population distribution 4
Redistricting and reapportionment on the federal, state and county levels occurs after the U.S.
census, basically every 10 years.
For the State of Hawaii, reapportionment starts with determining the permanent resident
population of the State and each basic island unit (BIU) using a methodology approved by the
State Reapportionment Commission. As stated in the Commission’s 2012 Supplement Report,
non-permanent military and student residents were extracted from the U.S. Census population
data. Thus, the permanent resident populations were determined as follows:5
Location Census
Population
Less Non-Permanent
Resident Population
Permanent Resident
Population
Oahu 953,207 (106,618) 846,589
Hawaii 185,079 (1,483) 183,596
Maui 154,924 (380) 154,544
Kauai 67,091 (286) 66,805
State of Hawaii 1,360,301 (108,767) 1,251,534
Using consultants and the Huntington-Hill Method of Equal Proportions, the Commission
allocated the total number of members of the State Senate and the House of Representatives.
Secondly, the Commission apportioned legislative members to each BIU among districts within
that BIU. District lines were redrawn as necessary to achieve an average number of permanent
residents per member as nearly equal to the average for the BIU.6
3 Merriam-Webster. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/redistrict
4 Merriam-Webster. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/reapportionment
5 Office of Elections. “State of Hawaii, 2011 Reapportionment Commission Final Report and Reapportionment Plan,
2012 Supplement” https://elections.hawaii.gov/wp-
content/uploads/2015/03/2012ReapportionmentFinalReport_2012_03_30.pdf (March 30, 2012) p.ii
6Office of Elections. “State of Hawaii, 2011 Reapportionment Commission Final Report and Reapportionment Plan,
2012 Supplement” https://elections.hawaii.gov/wp-
content/uploads/2015/03/2012ReapportionmentFinalReport_2012_03_30.pdf (March 30, 2012) p.13
Page 5 of 15
The State House of Representatives Districts for the County of Kauai are as follows:7
State House of
Rep. Districts
BIU Target
Population
Total Population Deviation from BIU
Target
% Deviation from
BIU Target
House District 14 22,268 22,718 450 2.02%
House District 15 22,268 21,835 -433 -1.94%
House District 16 22,268 22,252 -16 -0.07%
Kauai BIU Deviation 66,805 3.96%
The PIG also reviewed the neighboring Counties Reapportionment or Redistricting Commission
reports to compare County Council district Population Size.
County 2010 Census
Population8
2020 Census
Population9
Target Council District
Population Size
Honolulu 953,207 1,016,508 112,945 w/ 3.3% total deviation 10
Maui 154,834 164,754 N/A, No Reapportionment Commission
Hawaii 185,079 200,629 22,232 w/ (4.23% - 5.75%) deviation 11
Kauai 67,091 73,298 N/A
State of Hawaii N/A
7 Office of Elections. “State of Hawaii, 2011 Reapportionment Commission Final Report and Reapportionment Plan,
2012 Supplement” https://elections.hawaii.gov/wp-
content/uploads/2015/03/2012ReapportionmentFinalReport_2012_03_30.pdf (March 30, 2012) p.18
8 United States Census Bureau. “QuickFacts Honolulu County, Hawaii, Hawaii County, Maui County, Hawaii; Kauai
County, Hawaii; Hawaii”
https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/honolulucountyhawaii,hawaiicountyhawaii,mauicountyhawaii,kaua
icountyhawaii,HI/PST045221 (April 1, 2020, April 1, 2010)
9 United States Census Bureau. “QuickFacts Honolulu County, Hawaii, Hawaii County, Maui County, Hawaii; Kauai
County, Hawaii; Hawaii”
https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/honolulucountyhawaii,hawaiicountyhawaii,mauicountyhawaii,kaua
icountyhawaii,HI/PST045221 (April 1, 2020, April 1, 2010)
10City and County of Honolulu, 2021 Council Reapportionment Commission, “Report and Final Reapportionment
Plan of the 2021 Council Reapportionment Commission”
https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1Rapt1BRRiO6e9rnUwha5JwgtFfum40yP (November 24, 2021) p.4
11Hawaii County Redistricting Commission. “2021 Redistricting Commission Report”
https://records.hawaiicounty.gov/weblink/1/doc/113844/Page1.aspx p.2
Page 6 of 15
The PIG identified several concerns related to reapportionment or redistricting. The first is the
creation of “canoe districts” on the State and Federal levels. This is when a district includes
parts of more than one island or County. Currently the U.S. House of Representative Kaiali`i
Kahele represents Congressional District 2. District 2 is comprised of parts of Oahu, and the
Counties of Kauai, Maui (Molokai and Lanai) and Hawaii. On the State level, Kauai has been
part of a “canoe district” consisting of the Kauai north shore communities and some Maui
communities.
In the State of Hawaii’s Reapportionment Commission, 2012 Supplement, the Commission was
guided by specific criteria such as no district shall extend beyond the boundaries of any basic
island unit (county unit) and districts shall be contiguous.12 However, there is no express
absolute prohibition against “canoe districts”.
One of the districting proposals being considered recommends using the current districts of the
State House of Representatives and does not have a Reapportionment or Redistricting
Commission. The concern lies with designating County districts by relying on the district
boundaries of the State House which remains open to the possibility of the “canoe districts”.
Should districting be established on Kauai, there would be one district that would include
Ni`ihau, although Ni`ihau is not contiguous with the island of Kauai, it is part of the County of
Kauai. Due to this potential, any proposal on districting must include a Reapportionment or
Redistricting Commission.
Once district boundaries are established, the new boundaries go into effect in the first regularly
scheduled election. At the State level, due to reapportionment, every ten (10) years, all seats at
the Legislature are up for election.
Currently, each Council member is eligible for four (4) consecutive two-year terms. In practice,
this has resulted in staggering terms and the County Council being composed of both seasoned
Council members and new Council members. This has resulted in the community and the
Council benefiting from new ideas from the freshmen members as well as the institutional
experience and knowledge of the senior members.
The potential of having only freshman Council members is a concern, however over the history
of the Kauai State legislators, there has always been a balance of senior and freshman
members.
12 Office of Elections. “State of Hawaii, 2011 Reapportionment Commission Final Report and Reapportionment
Plan, 2012 Supplement” https://elections.hawaii.gov/wp-
content/uploads/2015/03/2012ReapportionmentFinalReport_2012_03_30.pdf (March 30, 2012) p.10
Page 7 of 15
Reapportionment/redistricting has become in mired conflict and charges of partisan
gerrymandering. The State of Hawaii’s current plan for Reapportionment has attracted
criticism for “rewarding or punishing” legislators, impacting their ability to get re-elected and
for splitting up communities that were traditionally in one district. For example, the current
plan divides Manoa Valley between two districts. Some individuals felt that living in a district
that is split between two or more lawmakers resulted in more representation.13
Any reapportionment/redistricting can be fraught with litigation.14 As of February 26, 2022, the
Hawaii Supreme Court has temporarily prohibited the State Office of Elections and the Chief
Election Officer from making nomination papers (for the 2022 election) available pending
resolution of a legal challenge over the districts.15
Lastly, the overall concept of districting and reapportionment/redistricting is related to the
intent to improve representation by elected officials. However, whether that promise has been
fulfilled is debatable. Justia US Law which provides a legal history of congressional districting
states, “neither voters nor minority parties have yet benefitted”.16
Cost of Campaigns
The Commission received testimony that districting would result in more Council candidates as
the cost of campaigning for a district vs. island-wide would be less. Thus, the PIG reviewed the
cost of campaigns.
13 “Can the Hawaii Reappointment Commission Solve this Political ‘Jigsaw Puzzle’?”
https://www.civilbeat.org/2021/11/can-the-hawaii-reapportionment-commission-solve-this-political-jigsaw-
puzzle/ Civil Beat, November 29. 2021
14 “Hawaii Supreme Court Mulls Constitutional Requirements In Redistricting Challenge”
https://www.civilbeat.org/2022/03/hawaii-supreme-court-mulls-constitutional-requirements-in-redistricting-
challenge/?utm_source=Civil+Beat+Master+List&utm_campaign=caa19061d2-
EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_2022_03_15_06_27&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_51c2dd3cf3-caa19061d2-
402169088&mc_cid=caa19061d2&mc_eid=b99f52643e Civil Beat, March 1, 2022
15 “Legal challenge puts start of political season in limbo” https://www.mauinews.com/news/local-
news/2022/02/legal-challenge-puts-start-of-political-season-in-limbo/ The Maui News, February 25, 2022
16 Justia US Law, “Congressional Districting” https://law.justia.com/constitution/us/article-1/06-congressional-
districting.html
Page 8 of 15
A review of the total cost of Kauai’s Council campaigns in 2020.17
Number of
Candidates
Total Receipts Average Receipts Total Expenditures Average
Expenditure
21 $241,408.96 $11,495.66 $167,667.66 $7,984.17
A review of the cost of the current Councilmember’s campaigns in 2020.18
Status Name Total Receipts Total Expenditures
Challenger Carvalho, Bernard $21,620.75 $14,631.10
Incumbent Chock, Sr., Mason 14,900.68 11,744.27
Incumbent Cowden, Felicia 25,465.00 23,768.65
Challenger DeCosta, Bill 2,386.94 2,386.94
Incumbent Evslin, Luke 5,962.80 5,791.84
Incumbent Kaneshiro, Arryl 46,621.44 30,957.38
Incumbent Kualii, KipuKai 47,210.51 18,196.85
Grand Total $164,168.12 $107,477.03
Average $23,452.58 $15,353.86
In the primary, there were 21 candidates running for a Kauai County Council seat. After the
primary, the top 14 candidates are placed on the general election ballot. In the general
election, the top seven (7) candidates become a member of the County Council.
Since one of the districting proposals being considered is using the same districts as the State
House of Representatives, the PIG reviewed the cost of those campaigns.
17 State of Hawaii, Campaign Spending Commission, Receipts and Expenditures by Office, Kauai County Council.
“Kauai County Council, Receipts and Expenditures (2020 Election)”
https://ags.hawaii.gov/campaign/files/2021/02/2020KauaiCouncil.pdf
18 State of Hawaii, Campaign Spending Commission, Receipts and Expenditures by Office, Kauai County Council.
“Kauai County Council, Receipts and Expenditures (2020 Election)”
https://ags.hawaii.gov/campaign/files/2021/02/2020KauaiCouncil.pdf
Page 9 of 15
The average cost of the State House Representative’s campaigns in 2020.19
Number of
Candidates
Total Receipts Average Receipts Total Expenditures Average
Expenditure
6 $118,347.80 $19,724.00 $78,933.17 $13,155.20
A review of the cost of the current State House Representative’s campaigns in 2020.
District Status Name Total Receipts Total Expenditures
14 Incumbent Nakamura, Nadine $43,695.54 $25,353.35
15 Incumbent Tokioka, James 36,700.00 24,600.49
16 Incumbent Morikawa, Daynette 23,983.91 15,880.25
Grand Total $104,379.45 $64,834.09
Average $34,793.15 $21,611.36
All six (6) candidates for the State House ran in the primary and the general election. There
were two (2) candidates per district.
The district population size of Kauai’s State House of Representatives ranges from 21,835 -
22,718. The ideal basic island unit or BIU is 22,268. The district population size for Hawaii
County Council districts ranges from 20,954 – 23,172. The ideal BIU is 22,232.
Due to the similar district size of Kauai’s State House of Representatives and the Hawaii County
Council districts, the PIG reviewed those costs as well.
19 State of Hawaii, Campaign Spending Commission, Receipts and Expenditures by Office, State House of
Representatives. “State House of Representatives, Receipts and Expenditures (2020 Election)”
https://ags.hawaii.gov/campaign/files/2021/02/2020StateHouse.pdf
Page 10 of 15
A review of the average cost of a campaign in Hawaii County Council with districting.20
Number of 2020
Candidates
Total Receipts Average Receipts Total Expenditures Average
Expenditure
24 $375,777.92 $15,657.41 $295,378.55 $12,307.43
In Hawaii County’s 2020 Primary Election there were 24 candidates running for Council seats.21
In the general election, the top 2 candidates are placed on the ballot.22
District Number of
Primary
Candidates
Status Name Total Receipts Total Expenditures
1 7 Open Kimball, Heather $36,410.96 $33,251.86
2 2 Incumbent Chung, Aaron 8,400.00 0.00
3 3 Incumbent Lee Loy, Susan 41,544.35 40,431.15
4 1 Incumbent Kierkiewicz, Ashley* 17,904.99 4,587.58
5 3 Incumbent Kanealii-Kleinfelder,
Matthew
26,821.11 26,612.49
6 1 Incumbent David, Maile* 378.76 378.76
7 2 Incumbent Villegas, Rebecca 17,990.81 17,990.81
8 2 Open Inaba, Holeka 13,299.73 13,299.73
9 3 Incumbent Richards, Herbert 46,875.65 26,279.29
Grand Total $209,626.36 $162,831.67
Average $23,291.81 $18,092.40
*Unopposed
The average cost in 2020 for a Kauai County Council campaign was $7,984.17, for a State House
of Representatives campaign on Kauai, $13,155.20 and for a Hawaii County Council campaign,
$12,307.43.
20 State of Hawaii, Campaign Spending Commission, Receipts and Expenditures by Office, Hawaii County Council.
“Hawaii County Council, Receipts and Expenditures (2020 Election)”
https://ags.hawaii.gov/campaign/files/2021/02/2020HawaiiCouncil.pdf
21 State of Hawaii, Office of Elections. “PRIMARY ELECTION 2020 – State of Hawaii – County of Hawaii SUMMARY
REPORT**FINAL SUMMARY REPORT**” https://files.hawaii.gov/elections/files/results/2020/primary/coh.pdf
(August 8, 2020)
22 State of Hawaii, Office of Elections. “GENERAL ELECTION 2020 – State of Hawaii – County of Hawaii SUMMARY
REPORT**FINAL SUMMARY REPORT**” https://files.hawaii.gov/elections/files/results/2020/primary/coh.pdf
(November 3, 2020)
Page 11 of 15
Comparatively the average of cost of a successful 2020 campaign for the Kauai County Council
was $15,353.86, for State House of Representatives on Kauai $21,611.36 and for the Hawaii
County Council $18,092.40.
Based on this data, currently with or without districts the cost of a Kauai County Council seat is
less than the cost of a State House of Representatives campaign on Kauai or a Hawaii County
Council campaign despite the similarities in district size.
One of the determining factors related to costs in the Hawaii County Council campaign appears
to be whether there was more than one candidate in the race.
Page 12 of 15
Number of Candidates
Testimony was received that there would be more candidates with the cost of campaign being
lower for a district council seat vs. an island-wide council seat.
County 2010 Census Population 23 2020 Census Population 24
Hawaii 185,079 200,629
Kauai 67,091 73,298
The population of Hawaii County is almost three times the size of Kauai’s population. However,
the Hawaii Council BIU district size of 22,232 is very close to Kauai’s State House BIU district size
of 22,268.
Location/Position 2020 Primary
Election
2020 General
Election
Hawaii County, County Council (9 districts) 26 N/A
Hawaii County, County Council, District 1 7 2
Hawaii County, County Council, District 2 2 2
Hawaii County, County Council, District 3 3 2
Hawaii County, County Council, District 4 1 1
Hawaii County, County Council, District 5 3 2
Hawaii County, County Council, District 6 1 1
Hawaii County, County Council, District 7 2 2
Hawaii County, County Council, District 8 2 2
Hawaii County, County Council, District 9 3 2
Kauai County, State House of Representative (3 districts, 14,15,16) 2 per district 2 per district
Kauai County, County Council 21 14
Based on this data, it would be difficult to come to any conclusions about whether there would
be more candidates or not. Considering that Hawaii County’s population is approximately 2.75
times the size of Kauai’s population, the number of Hawaii County Council primary candidates
(26 in 2020) seems much less than it should be in comparison to the number of Kauai County
Council primary candidates of 21.
23 United States Census Bureau. “QuickFacts Honolulu County, Hawaii, Hawaii County, Maui County, Hawaii; Kauai
County, Hawaii; Hawaii”
https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/honolulucountyhawaii,hawaiicountyhawaii,mauicountyhawaii,kaua
icountyhawaii,HI/PST045221 (April 1, 2020, April 1, 2010)
24 United States Census Bureau. “QuickFacts Honolulu County, Hawaii, Hawaii County, Maui County, Hawaii; Kauai
County, Hawaii; Hawaii”
https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/honolulucountyhawaii,hawaiicountyhawaii,mauicountyhawaii,kaua
icountyhawaii,HI/PST045221 (April 1, 2020, April 1, 2010)
Page 13 of 15
In contrasting the number of candidates in the 2020 primary election, Kauai had an average of
three (3) candidates for each Council seat, two (2) candidates for each House district on Kauai,
and Hawaii County had an average of 2.88 per district.
Representation
The Commission received testimony that one of the benefits of districting, is the belief that if
the elected official lives in the district they will be better informed on an issue in the district,
will be more accessible and therefore that district and its residents will be represented better.
A reasonable analogy may be, do residents believe that their elected official from the State
House represents them better than Councilmembers with regards to being more informed on
district issues and more accessible?
The election of a Council Chair and the adoption of any ordinances are dependent on a majority
vote. If the district Council member is not in the majority, will that district be negatively or
positively impacted? How and will representation improve from the designation of a
Councilmember’s constituency to a district vs. island-wide?
Should the remedy for these issues of being more informed, more accessible, and better
representation be the responsibility of the elected official or be addressed by a charter
amendment?
Other Considerations
However, the larger question remains, to quote from Justia US Law, “as nearly as is practicable
is one person’s vote worth as much as another’s”.25 If you reside in district 14 with 450 more
residents than districts 15 and 16, is your vote “worth” more or less? How would this impact
residents? Would this encourage or discourage individuals to vote?
What are the benefits of districting? Will the result of districting result in improvements?
Improvements such as in voter participation, representation, more council candidates, lowering
the cost of council campaigns, access to County Councilmembers and better-informed
Councilmembers.
Will it address, long-term planning for long-standing issues positively, negatively or no impact
at all?
When national partisan politics seems to have become an insurmountable obstacle, is there a
clear and absolute benefit for districting to warrant a charter amendment?
25 Justia US Law, “Congressional Districting” https://law.justia.com/constitution/us/article-1/06-congressional-
districting.html
Page 14 of 15
Per the Kauai County Charter, “In the event the Commission deems changes are necessary or
desirable, the Commission may propose amendments to the existing charter…” Thus, it is
necessary that the Commission proceed with a thorough examination of the issue of districting
as well as, a thorough deliberation before any final decisions.
Recommendations
Given the outstanding questions, the Charter Review Commission Permitted Interaction Group
finds the following:
1. The Commission should retain a consultant to formulate a plan to seek and obtain input
of a minimum of 5% of registered voters or 2,362 persons (based on the 2020 election)
to a maximum of 10% or 4,725 persons for a valid sample size. The input solicited
should be on the larger questions below, their opinion on districting, their opinion of the
analogy of current councilmembers and State House of Representatives regarding
quality of representation with respect to who is better informed, accessible and
representation, and what form of districting (3, 5 or 7 districts).
2. The Commission should retain a consultant to conduct a study on the costs of districting
in general as well as with 3 districts, 5 districts or 7 districts.
3. Upon obtaining the reports on input and costs, the Commission should deliberate on the
larger question of the pros and cons of districting and the equal “worth” of each
person’s vote.
4. Upon obtaining the reports on input and costs, the Commission should deliberate on the
larger question of the benefits of districting and will it result in improvements.
5. Any future proposal on districting must include a Reapportionment Commission to
ensure that at no time will there be a “canoe district”.
6. Upon the obtaining the reports on input and costs, any future consideration on
districting should start with the 2006 ballot question and proposal, which was defeated
by a margin of 161 votes.
7. Upon the obtaining the reports on input and costs, any future consideration on
districting should consider the elements of efficiency and cost containment and start
with the concept of three (3) districts like the Kauai State House of Representatives.
8. Upon the obtaining the reports on input and costs, any future consideration on
districting should consider the elements of efficiency and cost containment and start
with the concept of a seven-member Council.
9. Due to the findings above and the significance of adopting districting, the Commission
should defer any proposal on districting to perform its due diligence.
Page 15 of 15
Table of Attachments
• Attachment #1, History on Ballot Questions on Districting
• Attachment #2, Excerpt on Districting from County of Kauai Charter Amendment Ballot
Questions: 2006 General Election
• Attachment #3, See Attachment #3, Kauai County Charter Review Commission, Special
Committee on County Districting, CRC-2015-13, 2020-17
• Attachment #4, Kauai County Charter Review Commission, Subcommittee Report CRC-
2013-07 (Proposed Amendment for Council Partial-Districting)
• Attachment #5, Table of Districting Proposals
• Attachment #6, Honolulu City & County Charter excerpt related to Districts,
Reapportionment Commission Rules, and 2021 Reapportionment Commission Report
• Attachment #7, Maui County Charter excerpt related to Districts
• Attachment #8, Hawaii County Charter and Ordinance excerpts related to Districts, 2021
Redistricting Commission Rules, and 2021 Redistricting Commission Report
Election Proposed Charter Amendment Proposed by Proposed by Proposed by Passed by Rejected by
Year Council Charter Comm Petition Electorate Electorate
1982 Shall Council members be elected by districts, with
one member residing in and elected from each of
three districts which shall be established by a
reapportionment committee, and four members
elected at large, and shall 1983 and every tenth year
thereafter be a reapportionment year?
X
X
Yes 5541
No 8682
1990 Effective 1992, shall Council members be elected by
districts and shall 1991 and every tenth year
thereafter be a reapportionment year? X
Pending
decision set
forth by
Ninth Circuit
Court
1996
Effective 1998 shall Council members be elected by
districts, with one member residing and elected from
each of 5 districts, which shall be established by an
apportionment commission to be appointed in 1997,
and 2 members elected at-large, and shall 2001 and
every tenth year thereafter be apportionment year?
X
X
No 9589
44%
Yes 8456
38.8%
Blank 3729
17.1%
Other 6
0.0%
2006 Effective 2008, shall three of the seven council
members be elected by districts, with one member
residing in and elected from each of three districts
that shall be established by an apportionment
commission to be appointed in 2007, and four of the
seven council members elected at-large, and shall
2011 and every tenth year thereafter be a
reapportionment year?
X
X
No 9557
45.1%
Yes 9396
44.3%
Blank 2247
1.6%
Other 12
0.1%
1982-# of registered voters = 22,563
# of votes cast = 18,222
1990-5 single member districts 3 single member districts
Yes 3528 16.?% Yes 1566 7.?% Blank votes 5349 24.?%
No 2282 10.?% No 874 4.?% Over votes 7966 36.?%
Table of Comparison of Charter Amendments regarding Districting Proposals
Mtg. Date
& Source
of Proposal
Districting Proposals
Notes
6/22/20
Jonathan
Jay
9 Councilmembers
3 per district (14, 15, 16)*
*14, 15, 16 per State
House Districts
Voters living in the district, vote for candidates in their district
Verbal testimony on 6/22/20 minutes
1 in favor
Per Lyon to consider having two proposals on the ballot, 3 districts vs. 6 districts and 1 at large.
(Note: per atty cannot have two proposals)
Per Jay testimony, amend to delete residency requirement, unclear to delete it for voters or candidates.
Written testimony rec`d in 6/29/20 packet
6 in favor (1 person changed their mind and submitted alternate proposal)
2 against
1 concerned
Written testimony rec’d on 8/7/20 packet
Same as above
Per Lyon verbal testimony - proposed 7 members, 7 districts (see below)
6/29/20
Norma
Doctor
Sparks
9 Councilmembers
3 per district (14, 15, 16)
Provided as testimony in support of the proposal above and is the same as the proposal above.
6/29/20
Dana
Bekeart
9 Councilmembers
2 per district (14, 15, 16)
3 at large
Per testimony in 6/29/20 packets
Mtg. Date
& Source
of Proposal
Districting Proposals
Notes
8/7/20
Bert Lyon
7 Councilmembers
1 per district
Seven Districts:
1. Haena-Hanalei-Princeville-Kilauea-Moloa’a-Anahola
2. Kapa’a-Kealia
3. Wailua Houselots-Wailua Homesteads
4. Hanamaulu-Lihue-Puhi
5. Koloa-Poipu-Kukuiula
6. Kalaheo-Omao-Lawai
7. Eleele-Hanapepe-Kaumakani-Waimea-Kekaha-N’iihau
Creates a Reapportionment Commission
12/20/21
Felicia
Cowden
7 Councilmembers
4-4yr Full-time members
At-large
3-2yr Part-time
members, one per
district (14, 15, 16)
The 4 top vote recipients will serve at-large
Next 3 votes will fill district seats
Per email excerpts:
“I can testify at the next meeting charter review commission but am not submitting my recommendation.
Please send my thoughts along to the charter review commission.
As a councilmember, I value representing the entire island(s). I believe it strengthens my ability to
represent the north shore’s interest as I actively engage the needs of all the communities. I prefer at-large
to districting”
12/20/21
Jonathan
Jay
7 Councilmembers
3x2+1
2 per district (14, 15, 16)
1 at large
Island-wide voting for all candidates.
Highest vote recipient island wide is elected at-large, and then top 2 vote recipients by each district
elected to fill the other 6 seats.
Maintain existing island residency requirement for all candidates.
Require district residency for voters, voters can choose their councilmember from the entire island wide
slate of candidates.